Sthe Ultrasonic Plant Essential Oil Extraction yog dab tsi?

Ultrasonic Plant Essential Oil Extraction: Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Cov Ntsiab Cai, Txheej Txheem, Qhov Zoo, thiab Kev Siv Khoom Siv

 

Ultrasonic cog cov roj tseem ceeb extraction siv lub cev los ntawm ultrasound (cavitation, mechanical vibration, turbulence, thiab lwm yam) los txhim kho cov txheej txheem extraction ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb los ntawm cov khoom cog. Nws yog ntsuab thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo niaj hnub extraction technology. Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj xws li chav distillation thiab hnyav extraction, nws muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li lub sijhawm luv luv, cov roj ntau dua, kev siv hluav taws xob tsawg, thiab khaws cia cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb hauv cov roj tseem ceeb. Nws tau dav siv hauv cov tshuaj tsw qab, tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj, thiab zaub mov kev lag luam. Cov hauv qab no muab kev tshuaj xyuas zoo ntawm nws cov hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb, qhov tseem ceeb, kev xaiv cov khoom siv, kev siv hauv kev lag luam, thiab kev ceev faj, ntsuas kev xav thiab kev coj ua.

I. Cov Ntsiab Cai: Ua li cas Ultrasound Txhim Kho Cov Roj Tseem Ceeb? Lub essence ntawm ultrasonic extraction yog mus cuam tshuam cov nroj tsuag cell phab ntsa qauv thiab ceev cov roj tseem ceeb diffusion los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ultrasound nrog cov kua nruab nrab. Nws cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb suav nrog peb qhov cuam tshuam loj:

1. Cavitation nyhuv (Core Tsav Tsav)
Thaum ultrasound propagates hauv cov kua, nws generates alternating compression thiab stretching cycles. Thaum lub zog ncab tshaj lub zog ntawm lub cev ntawm cov kua, ntau cov npuas me me cavitation (xws li ntawm ob peb micrometers mus rau kaum ntawm micrometers inch) yog tsim. Kev loj hlob sai thiab tawg ntawm cov npuas cavitation tso tawm lub zog hauv zos muaj zog heev:
* Instantaneous kub kub (txog 5000K): Txhawb ceev evaporation los yog dissolution ntawm tseem ceeb roj Cheebtsam los ntawm cov khoom/kua lub xeev;
* Instantaneous siab siab (txog pua pua ntawm cov cua): Tsim cov kev poob siab thiab microjets uas cuam tshuam cov phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab cell membranes, ua rau lawv tawg thiab perforate, tso cai rau cov roj yam tseem ceeb hu ncaj qha mus rau lub extraction nruab nrab;
* Micro- stirring effect: Lub turbulent flow generated los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cavitation npuas lov lub concentration gradient ntawm cov khoom -kua interface, accelerating lub diffusion ntawm yam tseem ceeb roj los ntawm raw khoom rau hauv lub extract.

 

2. Mechanical Vibration thiab Turbulence Effects
Lub siab - zaus vibrations ntawm ultrasound (feem ntau 20kHz-1MHz) tsav cov extract thiab cog cov khoom hais nyob rau hauv high speeds, tsim muaj zog turbulence thiab shear rog:
Qhov no txo ​​qhov tuab ntawm "diffusion ciam txheej" ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom siv raw (hauv cov khoom siv ib txwm siv, cov ntaub ntawv ua kua zoo li qub rau ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cuam tshuam cov roj tseem ceeb diffusion);
Qhov no ua rau cov capillaries hauv cov ntaub so ntswg kom dilate, tso cai rau cov extraction nruab nrab nkag tau yooj yim dua rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab mus txog ntau qhov tseem ceeb roj cia chaw (xws li roj hnab thiab glandular plaub hau hauv cov nroj tsuag).

 

3. Thermal Effects (Lub luag haujlwm pabcuam)
Raws li ultrasound propagates nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, ib co ntawm nws lub zog yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tshav kub, ua rau ib tug me ntsis nce nyob rau hauv qhov kub ntawm lub extraction system (feem ntau yog 5-15℃). Qhov no txo ​​cov kev sib tshuam ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb thiab qhov nruab nrab extraction thiab tiv thaiv cov decomposition ntawm tshav kub-sensitive Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv cov roj yam tseem ceeb (xws li terpenes thiab phenols) vim kub.

(1) Raw Material Pretreatment (Qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej, cuam tshuam rau cov roj tawm los)

Kev ziab: qhuav cov ntaub ntawv cog ntoo (xws li cov paj, nplooj, tev, thiab rhizomes) kom cov dej noo ntawm 5% -15% (tsis txhob muaj cov dej noo ntau dhau ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb lossis ua rau emulsification ntawm cov extract). Cov huab cua qhuav thiab cua kub ziab yog feem ntau siv (kub tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 45℃los tiv thaiv cov roj tseem ceeb evaporation);

Pulverizing: Pulverize cov khoom nyoos qhuav rau 20-60 mesh (cov khoom zoo heev ua rau pom tsis yooj yim, thaum cov khoom ntxhib heev txo cov khoom sib cuag ua kua). Piv txwv li, rose petals yog pulverized rau 30 mesh, thiab qhuav tangerine tev mus rau 40 mesh;

Impurification: Tshem tawm cov av nkos, impurities, thiab rotten qhov chaw los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raw kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov purity ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb. (2) Kev npaj cov txheej txheem Extraction

Kev xaiv ntawm Extraction Medium: Xaiv qhov nruab nrab tsim nyog raws li qhov polarity ntawm cov roj tseem ceeb, ntsuas kev nyab xeeb thiab solubility:

Dej (polar nruab nrab): Haum rau dej -soluble los yog semi- dej-soluble yam tseem ceeb roj (xws li ib co Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv peppermint roj thiab lavender roj). Qhov zoo muaj xws li kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig thiab tus nqi qis; qhov tsis zoo suav nrog kev solubility tsis zoo rau cov roj-soluble tseem ceeb roj.

Ethanol (polar organic solvent): Haum rau feem ntau cov roj tseem ceeb (xws li roj txiv qaub, eucalyptus roj, thiab roj sawv). Cov concentration feem ntau yog 70%-95% (ntau dua ntawm ethanol muab solubility zoo dua rau cov rog-soluble Cheebtsam, thaum qis concentrations tau yooj yim ua rau dej-roj emulsification).

 

Lwm yam kev tshaj tawm: Glycerin (qib zaub mov, siv rau cov roj yam tseem ceeb zoo nkauj), supercritical CO₂ (siv nrog ultrasound los txhim kho cov nyhuv supercritical extraction).

Khoom -Liquid Ratio Control: Cov huab hwm coj- rau- ntim piv (g/mL) ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau qhov nruab nrab rho tawm yog feem ntau 1:5-1:20. Piv txwv li, 100g ntawm paj paj yog ntxiv rau 800mL ntawm 95% ethanol (khoom-kua piv 1:8). Ib yam nkaus - cov khoom tsis tshua muaj - kua piv yuav ua rau cov roj yam tseem ceeb tsawg, thaum qhov sib piv ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov kuab tshuaj pov tseg. (3) Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (Core Kauj Ruam, Parameters Txiav Txim Siab)
Kev Xaiv Cov Khoom Siv: Cov chav kuaj feem ntau siv ultrasonic cell disruptors (hwj chim 100-}500W), muaj feem ntau siv ultrasonic extraction kettles (hwj chim 5-50kW, ntau zaus/variable zaus tsim);
Key Parameter Chaw (Yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo raws li cov khoom siv raw thiab cov roj yam tseem ceeb):
Ultrasonic Fais Fab: 100-500W / L (Lub hwj chim ib chav tsev ntim ntawm cov extract; tsawg zog ua rau tsis muaj zog cavitation nyhuv, siab zog heev yooj yim ua rau ntau heev hauv zos kub uas ua rau cov roj yam tseem ceeb puas tsuaj);
Ultrasonic zaus: 20-80kHz (Low-Ultrasound zaus (20-40kHz) muaj zog cavitation nyhuv, haum rau cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj (xws li cov hauv paus hniav thiab stems); High-frequency ultrasound (50-80kHz) vibrates ntau tus sib npaug, haum rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis yooj yim (raws li raw khoom);
Lub sij hawm rho tawm: 10-60 feeb (Piv rau lub sij hawm distillation ntawm 2-6 feeb) Lub sij hawm rho tawm yuav tsum yog 20-60℃(tswj los ntawm cov cuab yeej tswj qhov kub thiab txias; rau cov roj yam tseem ceeb xws li cov roj sawv thiab cov roj chamomile, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 40℃pom zoo); Stirring method: Qee cov cuab yeej tau nruab nrog cov tshuab nplawm (100-300 r / min), ua ke nrog ultrasound txhawm rau txhim kho kev hloov pauv loj.

 

(4) Khoom -kua sib cais
Tom qab muab rho tawm, cov extract thiab cov nroj tsuag seem raug cais los ntawm kev pom (siv Buchner funnel hauv chav kuaj, lossis lub phaj thiab thav duab lim xovxwm hauv qhov chaw tsim khoom) lossis centrifugation (3000-8000 r / min). Cov residue tuaj yeem muab rho tawm ib zaug thib ob (kom nce cov roj tawm los). (5) Qhov tseem ceeb roj sib cais thiab purification

Solvent Recovery: Yog siv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li ethanol, cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem rov qab los ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation (kub 40-60 degree, siab 0.05-0.08MPa) (uas tuaj yeem rov ua dua) kom tau txais cov roj tseem ceeb;

Demulsification: Yog hais tias emulsification tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov extract (dej- roj sib cais tsis pom tseeb), demulsification tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv cov demulsifier (xws li sodium chloride, anhydrous sodium sulfate), centrifugation, lossis qis - qhov kub thiab txias (0-5 degree, 12-24 teev);

Kev sib cais: Tom qab cov roj tseem ceeb sib cais los ntawm lub sijhawm aqueous / hnyav, cov roj tseem ceeb tau muab cais los ntawm kev sib cais (laboratory) lossis centrifuge (kev lag luam). (6) Qhov tseem ceeb roj Refining thiab cia

Lub cev qhuav dej: Ntxiv anhydrous sodium sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, los yog lwm yam desiccants (5% -10%) rau cov roj tseem ceeb, cia nws sawv ntsug li 2-4 teev, ces lim kom tshem tawm cov desiccants;

Decolorization thiab Deodorization: Yog tias cov roj tseem ceeb tsaus dhau los yog muaj ntxhiab tsw, nws tuaj yeem ua kom huv ntxiv los ntawm cov pa roj carbon adsorption (1% -3%, cia nws sawv ntawm chav sov li 1-2 teev) lossis molecular distillation;

Cia: Khaws cov roj tseem ceeb hauv lub raj mis xim av (tsis txhob oxidation los ntawm lub teeb), kaw nws, thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw txias, qhuav (kub 5-25 degrees). Ntxiv 0.05%-0.1% antioxidants (xws li vitamin E) tuaj yeem ua rau lub neej txee. Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb xaiv cov ntsuas:

Ultrasonic zog ceev: Xyuas kom lub hwj chim loj dua los yog sib npaug rau 200W ib liter ntawm extraction kua kom tsis txhob sib npaug zog faib;

Kev hloov kho zaus: Txhawb ntau- zaus hloov ntawm 20-80kHz kom hloov mus rau cov khoom sib txawv;

Kev tswj qhov kub thiab txias: ± 2℃los tiv thaiv kub dhau los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov roj yam tseem ceeb;

Cov ntaub ntawv: Cov khoom hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov kua extraction yog ua los ntawm 316L stainless hlau lossis zaub mov- qib iav kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob.

 

V. Qhov zoo thiab kev txwv ntawm Ultrasonic Extraction

1. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb (Piv rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj)

Sib piv Dimensions: Ultrasonic Extraction, Steam Distillation, Solvent Extraction (Tsev Neeg)

Lub sij hawm xa tuaj: 10-60 feeb, 2-6 teev, 1-3 teev

Roj yield: Siab (10%-30% siab dua distillation), Nruab nrab, nruab nrab-siab (tab sis ntau impurities)

Kev tuav pov hwm cov khoom: Zoo (tsis tshua muaj kub, cua sov- cov khoom rhiab heev tsis raug rhuav tshem), Nruab nrab (qee yam khoom tau yooj yim decomposed ntawm qhov kub siab), Nruab Nrab (kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kuab tshuaj residue)

Kev siv hluav taws xob: Tsawg (tsawg zog ceev, lub sij hawm luv), Siab (yuav tsum tau cua sov rau boiling), Nruab nrab (yuav tsum tau hnyav rov qab siv zog)

Kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig: Zoo (tuaj yeem siv dej lossis ethanol ua qhov nruab nrab), Zoo (cov kuab tshuaj-dawb), Tsis zoo (kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kuab tshuaj organic)

2. Kev txwv thiab kev daws teeb meem

Teeb meem emulsification: Dej -ethanol system yog nquag emulsification. Kev daws: Kho ethanol concentration (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug ntawm 80%), ntxiv demulsifier, centrifuge sib cais;

Raw Material Adaptability: Txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam rau siab - fiber ntau, cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj (xws li ntoo, txiv ntseej plhaub). Kev daws: Sib tsoo rau qhov loj me me (60... (Duab ntawm cov qauv) Ua ke nrog siab - siab ultrasound (0.2-0.3MPa); Cov nplais muaj- nce cov kev sib tw: Tsis sib xws fais fab faib tau yooj yim tshwm sim thaum hloov cov ntsuas ntsuas rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. Kev daws: Ua haujlwm ntau {-oscillator powereg, optimize design, thiab optimization. Qhov ntom ntom hauv kev sim ntsuas ntsuas;

 

VI. Industrial Application Scenarios and Types Cases

1. Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv thov

Fragrance thiab Flavor Industry: Extraction ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb xws li sawv, lavender, txiv qaub, thiab peppermint siv rau hauv perfumes, aromatherapy, thiab flavorings;

Kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce: Extraction ntawm tshuaj yej tsob ntoo roj, roj chamomile, thiab rose roj rau siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom tu tawv nqaij, tshuaj zawv plaub hau, thiab tseem ceeb roj soaps;

Kev lag luam kws tshuaj: Extraction ntawm eucalyptus roj, peppermint roj, thiab Ginger roj siv nyob rau hauv hnoos syrups thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce los tiv thaiv - ointments;

Kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus: Extraction ntawm citrus roj, hnub qub anise roj, thiab cinnamon roj rau siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov additives thiab natural preservatives.

2. Hom Kev Lag Luam: Nruam Ultrasonic Qhuav Peppermint Essential Roj

Raw Khoom: Peppermint nplooj (qhuav mus rau 10% noo noo cov ntsiab lus, pulverized mus rau 40 mesh);

Extraction Medium: 95% zaub mov-qib ethanol, khoom- kua piv 1:12;

Khoom siv: 20kW nruam ultrasonic extraction ntau lawm kab (3-theem extraction tank, zaus 40kHz, kub tswj 45 degree);

Cov txheej txheem tsis: Ultrasonic zog ceev 300W / L, lub sij hawm rho tawm 30 feeb (10 feeb ib theem), nruam pub tus nqi 50kg / h;

Cov txiaj ntsig: Roj yield 2.5%-3.0% (tseem ceeb distillation tawm los 2.0%-2.2%), cov ntsiab lus menthol Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 60%, cov kuab tshuaj residue Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 50ppm (raws li cov qauv zaub mov qib), muaj peev xwm ntau lawm 1.2-1.5kg roj yam tseem ceeb / teev.

 

VII. Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb

Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb: Thaum siv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li ethanol thiab acetone, kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub fume hood los yog tawg - pov thawj rhiav. Tsis txhob qhib nplaim taws thiab xyuas kom muaj cov hluav taws tua hluav taws.

Cov Khoom Siv Ua Haujlwm: Thaum cov khoom siv ultrasonic khiav, tsis txhob kov lub ultrasonic transducer (siab kub tuaj yeem ua rau kub hnyiab). Tsis tu ncua xyuas lub transducer rau looseness thiab leaks.

Raw Material Quality: Xaiv cov nroj tsuag-raws li cov ntaub ntawv raw uas tsis muaj pwm thiab tshuaj tua kab, ua ntej cov khoom siv cog qoob loo los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov roj yam tseem ceeb.

Solvent Recovery: Kev tsim khoom lag luam yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub kaw- lub voj voos hnyav rov qab los txhim kho kev siv cov kuab tshuaj thiab txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig.

Kev Ntsuas Zoo: Cov roj tseem ceeb ua tiav yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov ntsuas tseem ceeb xws li aroma purity, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom (GC-MS tsom), cov ntsiab lus noo noo (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5%), thiab cov kuab tshuaj residue (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 50ppm). VIII. Kev Tsim Kho Kev Lag Luam

Combined Technologies: Ultrasonic extraction + supercritical CO₂ extraction, ultrasonic extraction + microwave extraction, ultrasonic extraction + enzymatic hydrolysis (thawj siv cellulase decompose cog cell phab ntsa, ces ultrasonic extraction) ntxiv txhim kho roj yield thiab purity;
Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Txawj Ntse: Cov cuab yeej muaj kev sib koom ua ke nrog PLC tswj kev tswj xyuas qhov tsis xws li lub zog, qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lub sijhawm rho tawm hauv lub sijhawm, ua tiav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob;
Green Media Application: Siv cov kuab tshuaj ntsuab xws li cov kua ionic thiab cov kuab tshuaj sib sib zog nqus eutectic los hloov cov kuab tshuaj organic ib txwm muaj, txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm ib puag ncig;
Tus nqi siab-Kev txhim kho khoom ntxiv: Ib txhij rov ua kom cov khoom xyaw nquag xws li flavonoids thiab polyphenols los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thaum lub sij hawm rho tawm, ua tiav kev siv cov ntaub ntawv raw (xws li, tom qab rho tawm cov roj tseem ceeb, cov seem yog siv los rho cov rose flavonoids).

 

Ultrasonic cog cov roj tseem ceeb extraction tshuab, nrog nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, thiab tsis kub, tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb hauv cov roj tseem ceeb niaj hnub no. Hauv kev siv cov tswv yim, cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv raw, thiab cov khoom siv yuav tsum raug xaiv kom tsim nyog los ua kom nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab tsim cov khoom siab -purity, siab - cov khoom tseem ceeb roj. Rau cov txheej txheem ntxaws ntxaws rau cov ntaub ntawv cog qoob loo tshwj xeeb (xws li lavender, tshuaj yej tsob ntoo, thiab ziab tangerine tev), xav tau kev soj ntsuam ntxaws ntxiv.