Ultrasonic Extraction ntawm tsoos suav tshuaj hmoov: txheej txheem soj ntsuam thiab cov khoom siv tseem ceeb

Kev rho tawm tau zoo ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag los ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj (TCM) yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm TCM, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo thiab ua tau zoo ntawm TCM npaj. Ultrasonic TCM hmoov extraction tshuab, nrog nws qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, ua siab mos siab muag, thiab txuag hluav taws xob, yog maj mam hloov cov txheej txheem rho tawm thiab dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb hauv thaj chaw ntawm TCM extraction. Lub tshuab no ua tiav kev sib cais sai thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv TCM hmoov los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov khoom siv ultrasonic thiab cov txheej txheem rho tawm. Nws cov txheej txheem ua tiav yog ob qho kev tshawb fawb thiab cov qauv, thiab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ua los ntawm cov cuab yeej ultrasonic qhia txog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis.

Cov txheej txheem ua tiav ntawm ultrasonic TCM hmoov extraction tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem tseem ceeb: kev npaj ua ntej, kev siv cov extraction, thiab tom qab- ua. Txhua theem yog interconnected thiab ua hauj lwm ua ke los xyuas kom meej cov nyhuv extraction. Hauv kev npaj ua ntej, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog pretreatment ntawm TCM raw cov ntaub ntawv, uas suav nrog kev ntxuav, ziab, thiab pulverizing cov tshuaj rau hauv cov hmoov sib xws. Kev tswj cov hmoov particle loj yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nws feem ntau yuav tsum tau hloov kho kom haum raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab thiab hom active cov khoom xyaw. Qhov loj me me tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev khov thiab tsis yooj yim pom thaum lub sij hawm rho tawm, thaum ntxhib heev ib qho me me yuav txo qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom xyaw. Cov khoom siv raw thiab cov kuab tshuaj extraction yog tom qab ntawd sib xyaw rau hauv ib qho piv txwv. Cov kuab tshuaj tsim nyog raug xaiv raws li qhov polarity ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag; Piv txwv li, dej thiab ethanol feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom xyaw polar, thaum roj av ether thiab diethyl ether feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom tsis yog -polar. Cov khoom siv-rau- kua piv yog tswj tau los xyuas kom meej tias cov kuab tshuaj tau ntub cov hmoov thiab dissolves cov khoom xyaw nquag. Tom qab sib tov, cov khoom raug muab tso rau hauv lub thawv ntim khoom ntim los tsim ib qho chaw ruaj khov rau kev kho ultrasonic tom ntej.

 

Cov theem extraction yog lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem thiab cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv ultrasonic ua haujlwm. Lub thawv extraction uas muaj cov khoom sib tov yog tsau rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv ultrasonic. Cov khoom siv tsis tau raug teeb tsa raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muab rho tawm, suav nrog ultrasonic zaus, lub zog, lub sijhawm kho, thiab qhov kub thiab txias. Tom qab pib cov khoom siv, ultrasound xa lub zog rau cov khoom siv los ntawm qhov nruab nrab (feem ntau yog dej los yog cov kuab tshuaj extraction). Raws li kev txiav txim siab txuas ntxiv mus, cov khoom xyaw nquag maj mam yaj los ntawm cov hmoov tshuaj ntsuab thiab nkag mus rau theem hnyav. Tom qab rho tawm, cov txheej txheem tom ntej pib pib. Ua ntej, cov extract yog lim los yog centrifuged kom tshem tawm cov residual tshuaj ntsuab hmoov impurities. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev ua kom huv huv, siab -purity active cov khoom xyaw tau txais rau kev tsim cov formulation tom ntej los yog kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tsis tas yuav nyuaj siab - kub thiab siab - cov kev mob siab, yog yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, thiab tswj tau zoo, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv zoo ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem saum toj no, cov khoom siv ultrasonic yog cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb txiav txim siab qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab zoo. Nws tshwj xeeb mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim khiav los ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem rho tawm, feem ntau tshwm sim hauv peb yam. Ua ntej, cov nyhuv cavitation. Thaum ultrasound propagates nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj, nws periodically generates alternating siab nthwv dej ntawm txawv ceev. Thaum lub siab txo qis mus rau ib theem, ntau cov npuas me me (cavitation npuas) tsim hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Thaum lub siab nce, cov cavitation npuas no tawg sai heev, ua kom muaj qhov kub thiab txias hauv zos (txog ntau txhiab degrees Celsius), kev kub ntxhov siab (txog pua pua ntawm megapascals), thiab muaj zog shocks thiab microjets thaum lub sij hawm tawg. Qhov kev mob siab rau hauv cheeb tsam no cuam tshuam cov phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab cell membrane cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj suav tshuaj suav tshuaj, tso cai rau cov khoom siv hauv lub hlwb kom sai sai tso rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj, thaum tib lub sijhawm ua kom lub zog hloov pauv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov hmoov hmoov, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo. Qhov thib ob, qhov sib tov thiab homogenization nyhuv. Cov neeg kho tshuab kev vibrations generated thaum lub sij hawm ultrasonic yoj propagation zoo do cov khoom system, xyuas kom meej kev sib cuag ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab hmoov thiab cov extraction hnyav. Qhov no tiv thaiv lub cheeb tsam siab concentrations los yog hmoov agglomeration, guaranteeing homogeneity ntawm lub extraction system thiab txhim kho nws uniformity thiab stability. Thib peb, nws muab cov cua sov pab. Thaum lub sij hawm ultrasonic tsis, ib co acoustic zog yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv tshav kub, me ntsis raising qhov kub ntawm lub extraction system. Qhov cua sov no tseem txhawb nqa qhov kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov qauv ntawm cov cua sov- cov khoom xyaw rhiab heev, tsis zoo li cov tsoos siab - qhov kub ntawm cov txheej txheem extraction, yog li ntsuas qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov khoom siv.

 

Piv nrog rau cov tshuaj hnyav extraction, reflux extraction, thiab Soxhlet extraction txoj kev, ultrasonic khoom muaj qhov zoo tshaj rau cov extraction ntawm tshuaj ntsuab hmoov. Nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm tsoos suav tshuaj extraction, cov cuab yeej ultrasonic, nrog nws cov cavitation tshwj xeeb, mechanical vibration, thiab thermal teebmeem, tau dhau los ua cov cuab yeej thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho extraction efficiency thiab zoo. Piv rau cov txheej txheem rho tawm ib txwm muaj (xws li decoction, reflux, thiab maceration), nws muaj qhov zoo, tshwj xeeb hauv qab no:

 

Txhim khu kev cuam tshuam ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab txhim kho tus nqi tawg ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag: Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv cov tshuaj suav tshuaj (xws li alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, thiab polysaccharides) nyob hauv cov hlwb. Cov txheej txheem rho tawm ib txwm cia siab rau cov kuab tshuaj nkag mus thiab cov concentration gradient diffusion, uas ua rau cov cell phab ntsa cuam tshuam tsis zoo thiab tsis txaus dissolution ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag. Thaum ultrasound ua nyob rau hauv lub extraction system, nws generates ib tug cavitation nyhuv:

 

ntau cov npuas me me tsim hauv cov kua. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub siab ntawm lub ultrasound, cov npuas no sai heev nthuav thiab tawg, tso tawm tsis tshua muaj zog cuam tshuam quab yuam thiab microjets thaum tawg. Qhov no ncaj qha rhuav tshem cov phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab cov cell membranes ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj, rhuav tshem cov kab mob diffusion ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag, tso cai rau cov kuab tshuaj sai sai thiab yaj lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom, txhim kho qhov sib xyaw kom zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv vibration ntawm ultrasound ua rau siab - zaus kev co ntawm cov kua thiab cov tshuaj, ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tes thiab txhawb kev tawg ntawm cov khoom.

 

Shortening Extraction Lub Sijhawm thiab Txhim Kho Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo: Lub cavitation thiab vibration teebmeem ntawm ultrasound tuaj yeem ua kom lub zog hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb los ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj mus rau cov kuab tshuaj, tso cai rau kev ua tiav sai ntawm kev sib npaug ntawm cov extraction. Feem ntau, lub sij hawm rho tawm ultrasonic tuaj yeem txo mus rau 1/3 rau 1/10 ntawm cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj. Piv txwv li, extracting flavonoids los ntawm Suav cov ntaub ntawv tshuaj yuav tsum tau 2-3 teev siv cov tshuaj reflux extraction, thaum ultrasonic extraction tsuas yog yuav tsum tau 20-40 feeb kom ua tau ib tug zoo xws li los yog ntau dua extraction tus nqi, ho txhim kho efficiency ntawm industrial ntau lawm.

 

Txo qhov ntsuas kub thiab tiv thaiv tshav kub- Cov khoom xyaw rhiab heev: Qee cov khoom xyaw nquag hauv Suav cov khoom siv tshuaj (xws li roj volatile, polyphenols, thiab vitamins) yog kub-rhiab thiab yooj yim decompose los yog oxidize nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau kom txo los yog poob efficient. Tsoos decoction thiab reflux extraction yuav tsum tau cua sov rau cov kuab tshuaj lub boiling point, ua rau nws nyuaj kom tsis txhob poob ntawm tshav kub- cov khoom rhiab heev. Ultrasonic extraction feem ntau tso siab rau cavitation thiab txhua yam kev ua kom yaj cov khoom, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj qhov kub thiab txias (feem ntau nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub txog 50 degree). Qhov no ua rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov cua sov- cov khoom xyaw rhiab heev. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv extracting volatile roj-muaj cov tshuaj suav suav tshuaj xws li peppermint thiab patchouli, qis-kub ultrasonic extraction txo qhov poob ntawm volatile roj thiab txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm extract.

 

Kev siv cov kuab tshuaj txo qis txo cov nqi tsim khoom thiab ib puag ncig siab. Cov txheej txheem rho tawm ib txwm xav tau ntau cov kuab tshuaj los xyuas kom meej cov khoom siv extraction efficiency, nce cov nqi raw khoom thiab tsim cov kua khib nyiab ntau dua, muab lub nra hnyav rau kev sib cais tom qab thiab kev kho ib puag ncig. Ultrasonic enhanced extraction achieves siab - efficiency extraction nrog cov kuab tshuaj tsawg, txo cov kuab tshuaj los ntawm 30% -50%. Qhov no txo ​​cov nqi ntawm cov kuab tshuaj organic (xws li ethanol thiab methanol) los yog dej, txo cov kua dej pov tseg, thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev kho ib puag ncig, ua raws li cov qauv ntawm ntsuab chemistry.

 

Txhim kho extract purity thiab simplifying cov txheej txheem tom qab sib cais: Ultrasonic yoj lub hom phiaj thiab cuam tshuam lub cellular qauv ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj kom tso tawm cov khoom xyaw nquag. Piv nrog rau cov tsoos siab -kub extraction, lawv muaj qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm kev ua kom cov dej tsis huv ntawm cov molecular loj (xws li cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab thiab cellulose) hauv cov khoom siv tshuaj, uas ua rau cov ntsiab lus qis dua thiab siab dua cov txheeb ze purity ntawm cov khoom xyaw hauv cov extract. Cov yam ntxwv no ua kom yooj yim rau kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv tom qab (xws li pom, concentration, thiab chromatography), txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv thaum sib cais, thiab txo qis tag nrho cov nqi tsim khoom.